2012年度美国文学大事记

Best books of 2012: The year in news

Jan. 23

 Jack Gantos wins the Newbery Medal for “Dead End in Norvelt,” about his boyhood town in Pennsylvania.

March 13

After 244 years, the Encyclopedia Britannica announces it will go all-digital and stop printing bound volumes.

April 16

Pulitzer Prize board declines to award a prize for fiction this year.

May 1

Robert Caro releases the fourth volume of his biography of President Lyndon B. Johnson.

May 2

A celebration is held at St. Paul’s Cathedral in London to mark the 350th anniversary of the Anglican “Book of Common Prayer.” Continue reading

50 notable works of fiction

50 notable works of fiction

ALIF THE UNSEEN

 By G. Willow Wilson (Grove)

Wilson’s marvelous first novel takes events similar to those of the Arab Spring, adds a runaway computer virus, an unconventional love story and the odd genie to create an intoxicating, politicized amalgam of science fiction and fantasy. — Elizabeth Hand

THE BARTENDER’S TALE

By Ivan Doig (Riverhead)

In this subtle and engaging narrative, a 12-year-old boy tries to figure out the adult world, including his saloonkeeper father. Doig, 73, delivers a slow-paced novel filled with the joys of careful and loving observation. — Jon Clinch

BEAUTIFUL RUINS

By Jess Walter (Harper)

Hopscotching between 1960s Italy and today’s Hollywood, the story sends a young Italian in search of a long-remembered starlet in a plot that’s lively and well constructed — a lemon meringue pie of a novel: crisp and funny on top, soft and gooey inside. — Allegra Goodman

BREED

By Chase Novak (Mulholland)

One could think of this horror story about a couple trying to conceive a child as “Rosemary’s Baby’s Parents,” redolent of Roald Dahl at his creepy best, with enough humor to make the mayhem palatable. 
— Dennis Drabelle

THE CHAPERONE

By Laura Moriarty (Riverhead)

In Moriarty’s captivating novel, we meet silent-screen star Louise Brooks long before her arrival in Hollywood. Fifteen-year-old Louise has been invited to take summer classes with a legendary New York dance troupe, but she may go only with a proper chaperone. This is a nuanced portrayal of social upheaval during the Jazz Age. — Caroline Preston

DEAR LIFE: Stories

By Alice Munro (Knopf)

With her stunning new collection, Munro demonstrates that there is no writer quite as good at illustrating the foibles of love, the confusions and frustrations of life, or the inner cruelty and treachery that can be revealed in the slightest gestures. — Ron Hansen Continue reading

本年度美国国家图书奖揭晓:厄尔德里克的小说《园房子》获此殊荣

The best of American literature was recognized on Wednesday in New York City.

‘The Round House’ by Louise Erdrich wins the National Book Award for fiction.

Louise Erdrich’s The Round House, a novel about a woman who is raped and left traumatized on an Indian reservation in North Dakota, won the National Book Award for fiction on Wednesday.

Erdrich, who gave part of her acceptance speech in Ojibwe, said the award “recognized the grace and endurance of native women.” USA TODAY’s four-star review called it “deeply moving” and “impossible to forget.”

The other winners are:

Non-fiction:Behind the Beautiful Forevers: Life, Death and Hope in a Mumbai Undercity by Katherine Boo, who said that “small stories and hidden places matter.” The judges praised the “interview-based narrative in which the interviewer never appears.”

Young People’s Literature: Goblin Secrets by William Alexander, a fantasy about a boy searching for his missing brother. The judges praised it for “brilliantly revealing our own selves by holding up our masks.” Alexander called his win “proof that alternative realities exist.”

Poetry: Bewilderment by David Ferry, which the judges praised for “singing about the human condition as casually and ferociously as it is lived.”

Katherine Boo won the non-fiction National Book Award for ‘Behind the Beautiful Forevers.'(Photo: Random House)

The winners in fiction, non-fiction, poetry and young people’s literature each receive $10,000 — and a boost in their literary reputations and book sales. To be eligible for this year’s awards, a book must have been published in the USA between Dec. 1, 2011, and Nov. 30, 2012, and been written by a U.S. citizen.

The 62-year-old awards, rivaled only by the Pulitzers in prestige, are sponsored by theNational Book Foundation, which is supported by the publishing industry.

REVIEW: ‘The Round House’ by Louise Erdrich

 

纳博科夫三部早期作品主人公的身份研究

【按】本文已全文发表在《外国文学研究》2012年第五期(pp.118-125)。

逃离·守卫·绝望
——纳博科夫三部早期作品主人公的身份研究

 

一.引语

《玛丽》、《防守》和《眼睛》分别是著名作家纳博科夫创作于1920年代后半叶的第一、第二和第四部小说。所描写的主要是流亡在西欧国家如德国和法国的俄罗斯移民。这三部作品涉及到了同一个非常重要的主题:即作为流亡者在确立个人身份时所遇到的困境。根据笔者的研究发现,在纳博科夫的研究中,学者们对于其所塑造的人物的身份并未给予足够的关注。当然,涉及身份的定义多种多样,各有侧重。比较而言,身份研究专家S. K. 惠特伯恩(S. K. Whitbourne)的定义较为全面,具有代表意义。惠特伯恩认为,“身份概念是一个具有广义的生物心理社会属性的自我定义。这个定义包含个体在相关领域内——如生理机能、认知、个性、关系、职业以及广义上的社会角色——的自我表现”(Whitbourne 29-30)。本文依据这一论断,从身份研究的视角对纳博科夫这三部早期作品中的三位流亡者加宁、卢勤和“我”/斯缪洛夫展开分析探讨,并透过他们的身份特征窥探其背后的深层意义。

二.加宁的逃离

《玛丽》中的主人公加宁是流亡在德国柏林的俄罗斯移民。在一群俄罗斯移民中间,他最年轻,但是却整日恍惚彷徨,无所作为。正如米克海尔·欧索尔金所总结的那样,“他因为乏味无聊而东闯西撞;因为漫无目的而玩世不恭。在他的灵魂深处,有的只是空洞虚无”(Roth 44)。在他获知玛丽要来柏林之前,加宁仿佛只是一具会行走的尸体。他虚弱无力(“feeble”),内心怯懦(“spineless”)(Nabokov, Mary 20)。外部的任何刺激都无法激起他做任何事情的欲望(Nabokov, Mary 19)。虽然满脑子纷繁思绪,却不知到底有何所思所想。这样的无欲无想没有方向的生活每时每刻都在折磨着他。

“而所有的那一切今又何在?”加宁在心里对自己说。“那些快乐和阳光哪去了?那些被撞后会弹出美妙弧线的木制九柱球哪去了?我的那辆车把很低、齿轮很大的自行车哪去了?似乎有一条定律说物质不灭,存在永恒;那么从我的九柱球上剥落的碎片以及我自行车上的辐条都应该还在某处存在着。遗憾的是我永远也找不到它们了——永远。我曾经读到过有关‘永久回归’的说法。可是,假如这一复杂的考验耐心的游戏不会出现第二次,那会怎么样呢?让我想想——有什么东西我没有抓住……没有办法抓住”。(Nabokov, Mary 34)

透过加宁的这段内心独白,我们可以看出困扰着他,令他恍惚彷徨的根源所在。他想念他的俄罗斯故土,想念那些曾经的好时光。那些已经丢失的快乐、阳光、木制九柱球和自行车辐条是构成其过去身份的基本元素;而作为一位俄罗斯移民,他在新的生活环境中却始终找不到自己的位置。就像无本之木、无源之水,在他过去的经验和现在的生活之间是一条无法弥合的鸿沟。

尽管在加宁周围出现的都是些俄罗斯移民,但是他越来越清楚地意识到自己作为俄罗斯人的身份已经离他远去。而在现实生活中,他又无法重新定义自己新的身份。于是,他就成了一个没有身份的傀儡。这一点可以在他的假护照上得到佐证。 Continue reading

J.K.罗琳说:在我的新书中人们有性爱,但是没有人从中享受乐趣……

本周二,J.K. 罗琳(J. K. Rowling)在纽约在其粉丝们尖叫呐喊声中接受了采访。她畅谈了自己的畅销新作《临时空缺》(The Casual Vacancy),谈了《临时空缺》与另一部畅销小说,E.L. 詹姆斯(E. L. James)的《五十种灰》(Fifty Grades of Grey)的区别。以下是有关这次访谈的报道:

J.K. Rowling cheered by fans at New York event

NEW YORK — J.K. Rowling quipped Tuesday about the difference between The Casual Vacancy, her first post-Harry Potter novel for grown-ups, and another kind of adult best seller: E.L. James’ erotic Fifty Shades of Grey.

“The difference is that people have sex in my book, but no one enjoys it,” Rowling told 2,500 cheering fans at an event at a Manhattan theater.

Rowling also said:

— She dreaded writing several scenes in her new novel, about social and political divisions in a small English town, particularly a rape, but “it had to happen. It was there for a reason.”

— Her new novel “might be appropriate for the right 14- or 15-year-old, but not any younger than that.” But parents, she added, should discuss the reasons with their children that it’s inappropriate.

— Her biggest challenge in moving from young readers to adults wasn’t “about writing in a contemporary world, in a real world,” but getting “the structure” right of a novel without a central character.

Rowling’s conversation on stage with the novelist Ann Patchett (State of Wonder), who owns a bookstore in Nashville, was her first public event in the U.S. for her new novel.

It drew a screaming crowd that gave Rowling a standing ovation as she walked on stage, prompting Patchett to say, “This is like a Stones concert.”

Patchett, “as a writer and bookseller,” praised Rowling “for doing more for reading than anyone else in my lifetime and for single-handedly keeping an industry alive.”

“No, no, no,” Rowling replied. “That’s way too much responsibility.”

The two authors sat on a stage normally used by the New York City Ballet and often drew laughs, especially when Patchett mentioned the double meaning of “adult novel.”

Both Rowling and Patchett shared they hadn’t read Fifty Shades.

“Everyone tells me the writing is terrible,” Patchett said.

“But that’s porn,” Rowling shot back to laughter. “Have you ever read The Story of O?”

“I went to Catholic school,” Patchett confessed.

“You’d like it even more,” Rowling replied.

The Casual Vacancy, which landed at No. 1 on USA TODAY’s Best-Selling Books list and dropped to No. 4 last week, has gotten mixed reviews from critics, who have called it everything from dull to brilliant. But that wasn’t mentioned Tuesday.

When Rowling said she feared some readers may have missed the humor in The Casual Vacancy, Patchett said “it is a story not between evil and good, but between evil and funny.”

The crowd was predominantly female, mostly between 20 and 40, the generation that grew up on the Potter series.

Among them was Catherine Warren, 19, who had come all the way from the University of Georgia, where she’s a sophomore, to pay homage to the writer “who’s just so great.”

Warren remembered how her mother read to her the first two Potter novels “when I was in first or second grade, but then I finished them myself as the years went by.”

Warren said she’s 100 pages into The Casual Vacancy “and so far so good.” She said she’d loved to read “more about Harry Potter’s world” — which Rowling has said she won’t do — then added, “I understand what’s done is done.”

希拉里·曼特尔的三部曲之二《提堂》再获曼布克小说奖

希拉里·曼特尔(Hilary Mantel)的都铎三部曲完成了两部。两部都获得了曼布克小说奖(Man Booker Prize)的殊荣。这确实是曼特尔巨大的成就和荣誉。她是第一位也是迄今为止唯一的一位连续两部作品获得布克奖,也是第三位两次获得该项殊荣的作家。(6:06PM EDT October 16. 2012 – The first to win for a sequel and the only the third writer to win twice: Both apply to British novelist Hilary Mantel, who has won the prestigious 2012 Man Booker Prize for Bring Up the Bodies)都铎三部曲的第一部《狼厅》(Wolf Hall)于2009年获得布克奖;第二部《提堂》(Bring up the Bodies)再度折桂;第三部暂定书名《镜和灯》(The Mirror and Light)也将出版。

下面奉上一篇述评文章。这是在布克奖短名单出来之后,我让我的学生,2011级研究生王飞同学写的(我今天稍稍作了调整)。藉此,大家可以了解更多一些相关信息:

曼特尔出手不凡,《提堂》再获布克奖殊荣

曾经凭借小说《狼厅》(Wolf Hall) 荣获2009年布克奖的英国女作家希拉里·曼特尔(Hilary Mantel)凭借新作《提堂》(Bring up the Bodies)再获殊荣。这么短的时间内两次荣获布克奖,这位作家的魅力不可小觑。但对于大多数中国读者,希拉里·曼特尔还是一个略显陌生的名字。

1952年出生的希拉里·曼特尔曾在伦敦经济学院和谢菲尔德大学攻读法律学位,1973年从谢菲尔德大学毕业。曼特尔的写作主要涉及名人传记和历史小说等形式,她1985年发表了处女作《每天都是母亲节》(Every Day is Mother’s Day》,从此开启了她的文学创作生涯。她1992年发表的作品《更安全的地方》(A Place of Greater Safety)重现了法国大革命的宏伟场面,获得了周日快报年度小说奖 (Sunday Express Book of the Year)。她2005年的作品《黑暗深处》(Beyond Black)入围2006年英联邦作家奖,并获得2006年橘子奖(the Orange Prize)的提名。直至2009年《狼厅》发表并荣获布克奖——当今英国乃至全世界最重要的文学奖项之一,曼特尔才真正开始进入文坛的聚光灯之下,受到不少海内外评论家及读者的关注。

曼特尔以历史题材创作的《狼厅》一经出版便好评如潮,目前全世界已有30多个国家和地区引进了这部小说的版权,其总销售量也高达20多万册,2012年,《观察家报》将其誉为“十大最佳历史小说”之一,这部小说的成功也为曼特尔本人带来了广泛的知名度和影响力。2010年上海译文出版社也在中国发行了这部小说的中文简体版。《狼厅》选取了英国历史上著名的都铎王朝时期为故事背景,亨利八世(Henry Ⅷ)是英格兰亨利七世的次子,都铎王朝的第二位国王。亨利七世在位时,为了加强同邻邦的友好合作,让自己的长子亚瑟迎娶了西班牙阿拉贡的凯瑟琳公主为妻。后来亚瑟不幸逝世,亨利七世为了团结西班牙共同对抗法国,竭力留住了凯瑟琳公主,并将其嫁给了当时年仅12岁的次子亨利八世。当时的英格兰,国王假若没有男性继承人,就会很快陷入权力争夺和战争之中,而凯瑟琳皇后仅仅为亨利八世生出了玛丽公主(即后来的玛丽一世)一个女儿,往后几次的生育都以流产告终。而亨利八世和女侍官安妮·傅林发生了一场婚外情,并想要解除和凯瑟琳的婚姻,迎娶安妮·傅林。但在当时天主教管制下的英国,离婚被视为是不道德的行为,因此亨利八世的离婚请求遭到教皇强烈拒绝。在这样的一个历史背景下,《狼厅》拉开了序幕。 Continue reading