2012年度美国国家图书奖获奖作品《圆屋》及其作者厄德里克简介

Louise Erdrich(1954- )

纽约当地时间11月14日晚,2012年度美国国家图书奖颁奖仪式在Cipriani酒店举行,印第安裔女作家路易丝•厄德里克(Louise Erdrich)凭借一部感人至深的小说《圆屋》(The Round House)击败了胡诺特•迪亚兹及戴夫•伊戈斯等人极受好评的新作,获得了2012年度美国国家图书奖小说奖。

创建于1950年的美国国家图书奖(American National Book Award)是美国文学界的最高荣誉之一,是与著名的普利策文学奖齐名的文学奖项。

2012年美国国家图书奖小说奖的竞争比去年更加激烈。和往年不同的是,往年都有许多不知名作家入围。但今年的评委将许多知名作家选入最后短名单。除了路易丝•厄德里克,还有前普利策奖小说奖得主朱诺•迪亚兹。他的入围小说是《这就是你失去她的道理》(This Is How You Lose Her)。戴夫•易格斯的《国王的全息象》(A Hologram for the King),以上两位作家的作品也都曾在中国翻译出版。凯文•鲍威尔(Kevin Powers)的《黄色鸟群》(The Yellow Birds)也入围了今年的国家图书奖短名单。(他的小说中文版已在翻译中,估计近期将会出版。)最终厄德里克的小说《圆屋》荣获此项殊荣。

厄德里克是以描写美国原住民部落成名的小说家、诗人、儿童小说作家。其作品主要关注美国印第安文化遗产方面的问题。她是批评家肯尼思•林肯(Kenneth Lincoln)所倡导的“印第安文学复兴”运动中于1968年之后出现的最具代表性的一位作家。她被视为可与威廉•福克纳齐名,是美国当代最多产、最重要、最有成就的作家之一,曾先后获纳尔逊•阿尔格伦短篇小说奖、苏•考夫曼奖、欧•亨利短篇小说奖、全国书评家协会奖。2008年在我国由译林出版社出版发行的中文版小说《爱药》是她的成名作和代表作,也是第一部被译成中文的当代美国印第安长篇小说。

《圆屋》是路易丝•厄德里克的第14部小说,展现了奥吉布瓦人和白人居住在同一个社区中的艰辛。在厄德里克的获奖感言中,她用印第安人的奥吉布瓦语发表自己的感想,她说获得国家图书奖部分是对美国原住民语言的肯定,也是对“原住民女性优雅和坚韧”的肯定。“这部作品是对原住民保留地还在发生的大量不公正事件的控诉。感谢你们让更多人知道”。厄德里克通过描写这些贴近生活的人物角色,充分展现了生活中的悲剧性、戏剧性。评论家齐亚巴塔里(Jane Ciabattari)说,《圆屋》是厄德里克所创作的最优秀的一部小说, Continue reading

2012年度美国文学大事记

Best books of 2012: The year in news

Jan. 23

 Jack Gantos wins the Newbery Medal for “Dead End in Norvelt,” about his boyhood town in Pennsylvania.

March 13

After 244 years, the Encyclopedia Britannica announces it will go all-digital and stop printing bound volumes.

April 16

Pulitzer Prize board declines to award a prize for fiction this year.

May 1

Robert Caro releases the fourth volume of his biography of President Lyndon B. Johnson.

May 2

A celebration is held at St. Paul’s Cathedral in London to mark the 350th anniversary of the Anglican “Book of Common Prayer.” Continue reading

50 notable works of fiction

50 notable works of fiction

ALIF THE UNSEEN

 By G. Willow Wilson (Grove)

Wilson’s marvelous first novel takes events similar to those of the Arab Spring, adds a runaway computer virus, an unconventional love story and the odd genie to create an intoxicating, politicized amalgam of science fiction and fantasy. — Elizabeth Hand

THE BARTENDER’S TALE

By Ivan Doig (Riverhead)

In this subtle and engaging narrative, a 12-year-old boy tries to figure out the adult world, including his saloonkeeper father. Doig, 73, delivers a slow-paced novel filled with the joys of careful and loving observation. — Jon Clinch

BEAUTIFUL RUINS

By Jess Walter (Harper)

Hopscotching between 1960s Italy and today’s Hollywood, the story sends a young Italian in search of a long-remembered starlet in a plot that’s lively and well constructed — a lemon meringue pie of a novel: crisp and funny on top, soft and gooey inside. — Allegra Goodman

BREED

By Chase Novak (Mulholland)

One could think of this horror story about a couple trying to conceive a child as “Rosemary’s Baby’s Parents,” redolent of Roald Dahl at his creepy best, with enough humor to make the mayhem palatable. 
— Dennis Drabelle

THE CHAPERONE

By Laura Moriarty (Riverhead)

In Moriarty’s captivating novel, we meet silent-screen star Louise Brooks long before her arrival in Hollywood. Fifteen-year-old Louise has been invited to take summer classes with a legendary New York dance troupe, but she may go only with a proper chaperone. This is a nuanced portrayal of social upheaval during the Jazz Age. — Caroline Preston

DEAR LIFE: Stories

By Alice Munro (Knopf)

With her stunning new collection, Munro demonstrates that there is no writer quite as good at illustrating the foibles of love, the confusions and frustrations of life, or the inner cruelty and treachery that can be revealed in the slightest gestures. — Ron Hansen Continue reading

本年度美国国家图书奖揭晓:厄尔德里克的小说《园房子》获此殊荣

The best of American literature was recognized on Wednesday in New York City.

‘The Round House’ by Louise Erdrich wins the National Book Award for fiction.

Louise Erdrich’s The Round House, a novel about a woman who is raped and left traumatized on an Indian reservation in North Dakota, won the National Book Award for fiction on Wednesday.

Erdrich, who gave part of her acceptance speech in Ojibwe, said the award “recognized the grace and endurance of native women.” USA TODAY’s four-star review called it “deeply moving” and “impossible to forget.”

The other winners are:

Non-fiction:Behind the Beautiful Forevers: Life, Death and Hope in a Mumbai Undercity by Katherine Boo, who said that “small stories and hidden places matter.” The judges praised the “interview-based narrative in which the interviewer never appears.”

Young People’s Literature: Goblin Secrets by William Alexander, a fantasy about a boy searching for his missing brother. The judges praised it for “brilliantly revealing our own selves by holding up our masks.” Alexander called his win “proof that alternative realities exist.”

Poetry: Bewilderment by David Ferry, which the judges praised for “singing about the human condition as casually and ferociously as it is lived.”

Katherine Boo won the non-fiction National Book Award for ‘Behind the Beautiful Forevers.'(Photo: Random House)

The winners in fiction, non-fiction, poetry and young people’s literature each receive $10,000 — and a boost in their literary reputations and book sales. To be eligible for this year’s awards, a book must have been published in the USA between Dec. 1, 2011, and Nov. 30, 2012, and been written by a U.S. citizen.

The 62-year-old awards, rivaled only by the Pulitzers in prestige, are sponsored by theNational Book Foundation, which is supported by the publishing industry.

REVIEW: ‘The Round House’ by Louise Erdrich

 

纳博科夫三部早期作品主人公的身份研究

【按】本文已全文发表在《外国文学研究》2012年第五期(pp.118-125)。

逃离·守卫·绝望
——纳博科夫三部早期作品主人公的身份研究

 

一.引语

《玛丽》、《防守》和《眼睛》分别是著名作家纳博科夫创作于1920年代后半叶的第一、第二和第四部小说。所描写的主要是流亡在西欧国家如德国和法国的俄罗斯移民。这三部作品涉及到了同一个非常重要的主题:即作为流亡者在确立个人身份时所遇到的困境。根据笔者的研究发现,在纳博科夫的研究中,学者们对于其所塑造的人物的身份并未给予足够的关注。当然,涉及身份的定义多种多样,各有侧重。比较而言,身份研究专家S. K. 惠特伯恩(S. K. Whitbourne)的定义较为全面,具有代表意义。惠特伯恩认为,“身份概念是一个具有广义的生物心理社会属性的自我定义。这个定义包含个体在相关领域内——如生理机能、认知、个性、关系、职业以及广义上的社会角色——的自我表现”(Whitbourne 29-30)。本文依据这一论断,从身份研究的视角对纳博科夫这三部早期作品中的三位流亡者加宁、卢勤和“我”/斯缪洛夫展开分析探讨,并透过他们的身份特征窥探其背后的深层意义。

二.加宁的逃离

《玛丽》中的主人公加宁是流亡在德国柏林的俄罗斯移民。在一群俄罗斯移民中间,他最年轻,但是却整日恍惚彷徨,无所作为。正如米克海尔·欧索尔金所总结的那样,“他因为乏味无聊而东闯西撞;因为漫无目的而玩世不恭。在他的灵魂深处,有的只是空洞虚无”(Roth 44)。在他获知玛丽要来柏林之前,加宁仿佛只是一具会行走的尸体。他虚弱无力(“feeble”),内心怯懦(“spineless”)(Nabokov, Mary 20)。外部的任何刺激都无法激起他做任何事情的欲望(Nabokov, Mary 19)。虽然满脑子纷繁思绪,却不知到底有何所思所想。这样的无欲无想没有方向的生活每时每刻都在折磨着他。

“而所有的那一切今又何在?”加宁在心里对自己说。“那些快乐和阳光哪去了?那些被撞后会弹出美妙弧线的木制九柱球哪去了?我的那辆车把很低、齿轮很大的自行车哪去了?似乎有一条定律说物质不灭,存在永恒;那么从我的九柱球上剥落的碎片以及我自行车上的辐条都应该还在某处存在着。遗憾的是我永远也找不到它们了——永远。我曾经读到过有关‘永久回归’的说法。可是,假如这一复杂的考验耐心的游戏不会出现第二次,那会怎么样呢?让我想想——有什么东西我没有抓住……没有办法抓住”。(Nabokov, Mary 34)

透过加宁的这段内心独白,我们可以看出困扰着他,令他恍惚彷徨的根源所在。他想念他的俄罗斯故土,想念那些曾经的好时光。那些已经丢失的快乐、阳光、木制九柱球和自行车辐条是构成其过去身份的基本元素;而作为一位俄罗斯移民,他在新的生活环境中却始终找不到自己的位置。就像无本之木、无源之水,在他过去的经验和现在的生活之间是一条无法弥合的鸿沟。

尽管在加宁周围出现的都是些俄罗斯移民,但是他越来越清楚地意识到自己作为俄罗斯人的身份已经离他远去。而在现实生活中,他又无法重新定义自己新的身份。于是,他就成了一个没有身份的傀儡。这一点可以在他的假护照上得到佐证。 Continue reading